Reported/Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung)

Reported/Indirect Speech adalah kalimat tak langsung yang biasanya menggunakan kata-kata seperti tell, say yang dibentuk dalam kalimat Present atau Past.

Untuk kalimat Present, maka sederhana saja untuk membentuknya seperti contoh berikut:

Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung):

Dina: “I want to go home.”

Indirect Speech:

Dina says (that) she wants to go home

Dina tells (somebody) (that) she wants to go home

Direct Speech:

Dina: “What is it?”

Indirect Speech:

Dina asked (me) what it is

Direct Speech:

Dina: “is it your book?”

Indirect Speech:

Dina asked if/whether it is my book

Note:

1. Penggunaaan kata that bersifat optional, artinya bisa digunakan atau tidak sama sekali.
2. Kita perlu mencermati perubahan Pronouns (Kata Ganti) serta perubahan this menjadi that
3. Bila Direct Speech berupa pertanyaan yang memerlukan jawaban ya atau tidak (yes/no questions), maka kita perlu menggunakan if/whether pada Indirect Speech yang berarti apakah, dan kita tidak perlu menggunakan tanda tanya lagi .  
4. Jika sebuah kalimat diucapkan dan dilaporkan di waktu/hari yang sama, maka tidak perlu mengalami perubahan tenses.  
5. Bila memerlukan perubahan tenses, kita juga perlu memperhatikan perubahan penggunaan waktu ketika menganti Direct Speech ke Indirect Speech seperti ontoh-contoh berikut:

Direct	Reported/Indirect
now	then/at that time
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
the day before yesterday	two days before
tomorrow	today/the next day/the following day
the day after tomorrow	in two days time
next week/month/year	the following week/month/year
last week/month/year	the previous week/month/year

Bila kalimat Direct Speech diucapkan di hari/waktu yang berbeda, maka Indirect Speech kemudian harus dibentuk seperti contoh-contoh berikut:

Direct Speech:

Dina: “I want to go home”

Indirect Speech:

Dina said (that) she wanted to go home

Bila Direct Speech dalam bentuk Past Tense, maka:

Direct Speech:

Dina: My mom asked me to go to the mall yesterday

Indirect Speech:

Dina said (that) her mom had asked her to go the mall in the previous day

Direct Speech:

Dina: “What are they doing?’

Indirect Speech:

Dina asked what they were doing

Beberapa perubahan tenses yang terjadi pada Reported/Indirect Speech:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Present Simple She said, "I bring my English book".	Past Simple She said that He brought his English book.
Present Continuous She said, "I am typing a report".	Past Continuous She said that she was typing a report.
Past Simple They told me, "We visited Ancol".	Past Perfect They told me that they had visited Ancol.
Present Perfect She told me, "I have talked to him”.	Past Perfect She told me that she had talked to him.
Past Perfect "I had bought that book", he said.	Past Perfect He said that he had bought that book.
Present Perfect Continuous He said, "I have been reading this book".	Past Perfect Continuous He said that he had been reading that book.
Past Continuous "I was studying", he told me.	Past Perfect Continuous She told me that he had been studying
Future He said, "I will go to Semarang tomorrow."	Conditional He said that he would go to Semarang in the following day.
Future Continuous She said, "I will be talking to her"	Conditional Continuous She said that she would be talking to her

Lalu bagaimana bila menggunakan Modals Auxiliaries? Berikut merupakan contoh-contohnya:

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Can She said, "I can speak Japanese"	Could She said that she could speak Japanese
Must She  told me, "You must work harder".	Must/had to She told me that I must/had to work harder.
Would She said, "I would like to be there".	Would She said that she would like to be there.
Could She said, "I could draw better when I was young", she said.	Could She said that she could draw better when she was young.
Might They said, "We might play volley ball tomorrow".	Might They said that they might play volleyball in next day

Categories: Direct Speech, Grammar, Indiret Speech, Reported Speech